Located at the northern edge of Washington Island in Door County, Wisconsin, the Coffey Swamp State Natural Area offers a unique blend of ecological significance and natural beauty. Designated as a state natural area in 1994, Coffey Swamp is an excellent destination for nature enthusiasts, hikers, and researchers alike.
Ecological Features
Geographical Setting
Coffey Swamp occupies a shallow, 2-acre lake with a maximum depth of only 2 feet. This area is a prime example of a hard water seepage pond with a marl substrate, which nearly dries up during late summer or in periods of low water levels in Lake Michigan. The swamp is surrounded by a boreal forest, a habitat characterized by its cool climate and coniferous trees, primarily white cedar and balsam fir.
Flora and Fauna
The swamp and its surrounding areas are home to a variety of plant species, including various sedges, ferns, and other rare plants. The boreal forest ecosystem supports a rich biodiversity, with many species adapted to the unique wetland environment. Wildlife viewing opportunities abound, with numerous bird species, small mammals, and amphibians making their homes in the swamp.
Conservation and Management
Managed by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) in collaboration with the Door County Land Trust, Coffey Swamp is part of ongoing conservation efforts to protect coastal wetlands, forests, and fisheries that support Great Lakes wildlife. These efforts are crucial for maintaining the ecological integrity of the area and ensuring the long-term survival of its diverse species.
Recreational Activities
Hiking and Wildlife Observation
While Coffey Swamp lacks developed trails, it offers excellent opportunities for hiking and wildlife observation. Visitors are encouraged to use a compass, GPS unit, or a detailed topographic map to navigate the area. The lack of facilities adds to the sense of adventure, making it a true natural escape.
Fishing and Hunting
Fishing and hunting are permitted within the natural area, adhering to DNR regulations. The swamp’s shallow waters and unique ecosystem provide a distinctive fishing experience, though anglers should be mindful of the area’s ecological sensitivity.
Scientific Research and Education
Coffey Swamp serves as an important site for scientific research and outdoor education. Researchers often study its unique wetland dynamics and the interactions between flora and fauna. Educational groups can explore the swamp to learn about wetland ecosystems, conservation practices, and the importance of biodiversity.
Visiting Coffey Swamp
Accessibility
Access to Coffey Swamp is relatively straightforward. From Detroit Harbor, visitors can travel north and east on County Road W for 5.8 miles, then park along the road and walk north into the natural area. Despite the lack of amenities, the area’s untouched nature provides a peaceful retreat for those looking to connect with the environment.
Regulations and Guidelines
As with all state natural areas, certain activities are prohibited to protect the ecosystem. These include camping, campfires, collecting plants or animals without a permit, and the use of motorized vehicles. Visitors are urged to respect these guidelines to help preserve the natural beauty and ecological health of Coffey Swamp.
Coffey Swamp State Natural Area is a seldom visited spot on Washington Island, offering a glimpse into Wisconsin’s rich natural heritage. Whether you’re a hiker, wildlife enthusiast, or researcher, a visit to Coffey Swamp is sure to be a rewarding experience.
